TUGAS SOFTSKILLS BAHASA INGGRIS 2

NAMA        :  EMERALDY RAMADHAN EVRAN

NPM            :  12215207

KELAS        :  1EA26

DOSEN        :  NONI MARLIANINGSIH

MATERI     :  NATURAL DISASTER

                     ( EARTHQUAKES )

EARTHQUAKES

Earthquakes are vibrations or shocks occurring in permukaanbumi due to the release of energy from a sudden that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused by movements in the earth's crust (tectonic plates). The frequency of a given region, referring to the type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. The earthquake was measured by using a seismometer. moment magnitude scale is most common where earthquakes occur for the entire dunia.skalarickter is the scale have been reported by the national seismological observatories are measured on a local magnitude scale magnitude 5. The second scale is the same for a range of numbers they are valid. 3 earthquakes of magnitude or more are mostly hardly noticeable and its large 7 over potentially cause serious damage over large areas, depending on the depth of the earthquake. The largest earthquake telahvlebih historic magnitude of 9, although there is no limit magnitude. The last major earthquake magnitude 9.0 or greater was 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2011 (as of March 2011), and it was the largest Japanese earthquake since records began. The intensity of vibration is measured on a modified Mercalli Intensity Scale.

Types of earthquakes includes the example below:

1. Earthquakes volcanic (Volcano); This earthquake occurred as a result of magma activity, which usually happens before the volcano erupted. If the higher activeness it will cause an explosion that would also lead to the occurrence of earthquakes. The earthquake was only felt around the volcano.

2. Tectonic earthquakes; The earthquake was caused by the tectonic activity, ie shifting tectonic plates suddenly has the power from very small to very large. This earthquake caused more damage or natural disasters on earth, a powerful earthquake vibrations capable of spreading to all parts of the earth. Tectonic earthquakes are caused by perlepasan [power] that occur due to shifting tectonic plates plate like a rubber band pulled and released

suddenly. Power generated by the pressure between the rocks known as tectonic disability. The theory of plate tectonic (plate tectonics) explains that the earth is composed of several layers of rock, most of the area of ​​the crust it will drift and float on a layer sepertisalju. These layers stir slowly so broken to pieces and collide with each other. This has led to a tectonic earthquake.

               Map of the distribution follows the pattern and special rules and narrow, which follows the pattern of meeting tectonic plates that make up the earth's crust. In the earth sciences (geology), the theoretical framework of plate tectonics is a postulate to explain the phenomenon of tectonic earthquake that hit virtually the entire area, which is adjacent to the boundary of tectonic plates meeting. Examples of volcanic earthquakes is as happened in Yogyakarta, Indonesia on Saturday, May 27, 2006 early morning, at 5:54 pm,

1. Earthquake collision; The earthquake was caused by a meteor or asteroid that fell to Earth, types of earthquakes are rare

2. The earthquake debris; Earthquakes usually occur in the limestone area or in mining regions, this earthquake is rare and localized.

3. Earthquakes artificial; Artificial earthquake was an earthquake caused by the activities of humans, such as the detonation of dynamite, nuclear or hammers that struck the earth's surface.

               Most earthquakes are caused from the release of energy produced by pressure exerted by the plates are moving. The longer the pressure that the growing and eventually reach the situation where the pressure can not be detained again by the outskirts of the slab. That's when an earthquake will occur.

Earthquakes typically occur at plate boundaries of the plates. The most severe earthquakes typically occur at plate boundaries compressional and

translational. Dalamkemungkinan focus earthquakes occur because of material sandwiched into the lithospheric layer undergoes a phase transition at a depth of more than 600 km.

               Several other earthquakes can also occur due to movement of magmadi in a volcano. Earthquakes like it could be a symptom of impending volcanic eruption. Several earthquakes (rare but) also occur due to accumulated huge mass of water behind the dam, such as the Caribbean Dam in Zambia, Africa. Some (infrequently) can also occur due to injection or akstraksi liquid from / into the earth (eg. In some power plants and geothermal diRocky Mountain Arsenal. Recently, earthquakes can also occur from blasting explosives. It can make the scientists monitoring the secret tests of nuclear weapons by the government. the earthquake that caused by humans as it is also called induced seismicity.

As a result of the earthquake:

• The building collapsed

• fires

• loss of life

• The surface of the soil into the glue and the road to be broken

• Landslides due to shocks

• Flooding due to damage to the dike

• An earthquake on the sea floor that caused the tsunami

Abatement

When you are in the house:

• Do not panic and do not run out, take cover under a table or bed.

• If no, protect the head with a pillow or other object.

• Stay away from bookshelves, cabinets and window glass.

• Be careful of the ceiling may collapse, objects hanging on the wall and so on.

When you are outdoors:

• Stay away from tall buildings, walls, sheer cliffs, central electric and electric poles, billboards, tall trees, etc.

• Try to reach areas that are open.

• Move away from the shelves and window glass.

If the public were in the room:

• Do not panic and do not run out because the possibility was filled with people.

• Stay away from objects that easily slip such as shelves, cabinets and glass windows etc.

When you are driving a vehicle:

• Immediately stop in the open.

• Do not stop on the bridge or under the flyover / overpass.

When you're in a shopping center, movie theater, and the ground floor of the mall:

• Do not cause panic or victims of panic

• Follow all instructions of an employee or security guard